Textures within the Landscape

I recently spent 4 days exploring parts of Cornwall surrounding the lizard peninsula area with a few friends, a sort of farewell trip to a good friend who's emigrating to australia. He has lived in Falmouth for the past 5 years and so has become familiar with this part of cornwall. I had my camera with me most of the time and was enjoying capturing features of the surroundings in new ways. On an early morning trip to Porthleven Harbour i was fishing off the rocks for a few hours but after no success i began taking photos. The natural materials that give cornwall's landscape a strong character i find very interesting, especially in the way the towns and villages have evolved around the bold features of rocks and edges. The morning light over a distinct platform of Granite shaped by powerful waves sparked my imagination. The territories of valleys and peaks within the rock felt like a mountain range except in a vastly different scale. These images i took recording textures of the rocks reminded me of the miniature landscapes surrounding us all the time, a perspective on viewing spaces we all too often neglect. The effect of existing features imagined in different scales i find can be quite inspiring within design work, i recall in my 1st year of university being encouraged to carry scale people around with us, maybe 1:100.  You can instantly visualize and understand the effect of small features; atmospheres perceived to be created within a space can always move our thoughts to new places.

Looking up towards the Church in Porthleven from the rocks below. This church overlooks one of the most dangerous surf breaks within cornwall, huge waves in winter storms smash the sea wall and spray across the town. In this image one can experience the balance between the built and natural environment that exists in cornwall.

Green Lake, Austria

An annual high tide created by melting snow fills a valley at the bottom of the Hochschwab Mountains in Austria. I found this on the site 'Daily Flicks and Picks' and found this natural occurence inspiring, the landscape is used as a county park throughout the winter with people exploring and enjoying the valley. A lake usually at about 1-2m deep rises to 10m throughout spring.
Info from - http://dailypicksandflicks.com/2011/01/03/video-the-magical-beauty-of-green-lake/

Merrist Wood

On the 2nd March earlier on this year, myself and a group of fellow students spent a day at Merrist wood near Guildford. The day was organised by Sophie Mc'Guiness who teaches Horticulture at Merrist Wood College. It was a great opportunity for us Landscape Students to do something practical and out of the ordinary of our usual routine so i took the opportunity.

We firstly sowed seeds in planting trays, I sowed Verbena Bonariensis. We were advised to make the sure compost level on top was very level otherwise it affects the plants growth and changes the way water filters through.

 I then sowed 'Ipomea Heavenly Blue', We used a layer of cork chippings over the surface as this plant grows best when the seeds are partially shaded, we then moved our sowed plant trays to a greenhouse for them to begin growing.

 'Grafting' was explained to us, its when two plants within the same species are fixed together, often a more specific stem is grafted to a common root within that species, this gives a less common type of tree a greater chance of success as the root is strong. The two stems are cut horizontally to create a larger surface area, then they are wrapped tightly and placed within a moist heated tube to encourage the grafting. Fascinating.

This is an example of grafting, a 'Fraxinus Excelsior Jaspidea' has been grafted to a common Ash root, with the advantage of a more favourable and strong root system.

 Taking a heavily developed plant, with all its roots we wanted to divide the plant out into pots to develop them further. We used hand blades to cut through the root system and break the plant apart, it seemed quite damaging but our tutor assured us the plant was strong enough to cope with such treatment.

 This is part of that plant i potted, now within its own pot, with space and light to flourish.

 One of the extensive Greenhouses at Merrist Wood, they have a good range of examples of common plants, and also conditions that effect them. It's a constantly developing horticultural environment with its main aim to help students understand the diverse plant world.

 In the afternoon we were taught about the great benefits of developed hedging and how vital they are to our english wildife. Richard took us out to a an ongoing hedge that he and the students are creating. The trees were planted 11 years ago and were ready to be bent and weaved into a medieval style hedge.

The process involves more thought than i assumed, making sure each tree is correctly tucked into its 'home' in the hedge with its branches weaved through. Stakes give structure support to the hedge, a line of willow is threaded through the top and pressed down. where we chopped 3/4's into the trees base to bend it down, shoots will now grow from this base creating a dense wall of growth. The tree now threaded into the hedge carries on living and growing through only one strip of wood and bark connected to the root, i was very surprised by this!
The day at Merrist Wood was greatly beneficial to myself and my colleagues as we are inexperienced within the practical side of landscaping. The areas we covered were quite basic but if we took more trips like this out i'm sure they begin to greatly benefit our work in the studio.

Skogskyrkogarden - Stockholm

Whilst in Sweden, we took a trip to Skogskyrkogarden, a now world renowned site for its unique architecture and sensitive approach to the landscape.  The site was designed by Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz who won the competition to design the cemetery in 1915. They began looking closely at the existing contours and elements of the site, focusing on designing for the visitor’s experience, in which this case is usually to mourn. They designed routes that lead throughout the site and connect the chapels that specifically are intentioned to create appropriate mood’s.

The inspiration to create a different experience of cemeteries and mourning evolved from the characterless, ‘strict’ style of previous cemeteries. A desire grew to create a cemetery centred on the the landscape that holds it.

The landscape design has been influenced by the spirit of the decade, a distinct romantic, Swedish approach with rolling hills and open space, this has created very clear edges within the cemetery which in turn have created an informed, purposeful landscape. Certain information has been sourced from http://www.skogskyrkogarden.se/en/general/index.php

A viewing window into an inner garden, vista's and sightlines throughout the whole cemetery have been formally created to provoke feelings

I found the attention to detail throughout Skogskyrkogarden captivating, this handrail for example has been finished to a very high quality, however simple in its design, you can see hours of thought and consideration have been spent on such small things. A straight steel blade with a t-section for structural strength is all that has been required, the legs tuck up neatly under the rail edge and the maroon red gives the handrail a high quality aesthetic. Simple in finish, such details succesfully do not distract from the larger landscape, they improve its ability to focus the visitor on the current emotions.

A peaceful resting place, that invites visitors is what has been been created here, a unique approach to cemeteries but it all makes so much sense.

Hammarsby Sjostad - Stockholm

Masterplan of the new Hammarsby Sjostad District, image taken from  - http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095356/http:/www.cabe.org.uk/masterplans/hammarby

Hammarsby Sjostad is a modern, new district to the south of central Stockholm. The city has put high standards on the efficiency of the buildings and also the way in which the public space functions, especially regarding the traffic environment. The layout of the space is superbly executed with green, community spaces prioritized for each apartment building. Vistas planned in the design stage have created a strong sense of space, with clear views to the open space of the water running through the district.  An area of design also given great attention in Hammarsby is the edges, where the land meets the waters edge, a public platforms runs alongside the water, with informal vegetation on one side creating a natural transition. A series of open public spaces, pagoda’s and boardwalks create a strong identity, connecting the living environment effectively with the natural elements. A positive, fresh atmosphere has been created here, the systems have been well thought out and together are creating new ways of developing future living environments. I felt a lack of traditional character throughout the district, but then again everything about it is new and the style feels very Swedish.To write about hammarsby in a more informed manner i referenced to the website 'http://www.hammarbysjostad.se/' so certain pieces of information have been sourced from here.

Trams run efficiently hroughout the open streets.

Reed bed plantings form a soft edge to the water, with a raised public walk connecting the areas strongly

Stockholm trip

In February, I visited Stockholm in Sweden with colleagues from my University. The capitol of Sweden is a vibrant city which has developed over a series of interlinked islands and inlets from the Baltic sea to the east. We were staying within the old town of Stockholm on a centrally positioned island called Gamla Stan. With the more traditional historic development to the south and to the north a blend of modern development mixed with traditional. Connecting the broken landscape that makes up Stockholm, wide bridges spread across the inlets, with a high priority given to pedestrians. 

Stockholm City Hall is a key landmark within the city, it was built in 1923 and designed by the architect Ragnar Ostberg.

The hall is right on the edge of Kungsholmen island within the centre of the city and serves as offices, conference rooms, ceremonial halls and also a grand restaurant. The City hall is one of Sweden’s outstanding examples of National Romanticism in its distinct architectural style. From my British background, large red brick buildings at this scale relate strongly to warehouses built within the industrial revolution. In my personal view, the way in which this important building within Sweden holds political significance but is also ‘powerful’ and ‘bold’ in its stance gives it a great character, amongst the complexity of such a city.

'What Is Landscape?'

 

Throughout the 3d focus week between the 24^th and the 28^th January 2011 a series of lectures were held at Kingston University. The focus subject was based around ‘What Is Landscape’ with several guests from professional practices visiting to contribute their own findings and experiences.

Heather Ring from Wayward Plants talked about her approach to re-using plants and creating green landscapes within confined urban environments.

Christian Spencer Davies from AModels introduced his company’s creative approach to modelling architecture and landscapes. Je Ahn & Maria Smith who together form Studio Weave presented some of their interesting projects, all very site specific and unique. Trenton Oldfield from This is Not a Gateway talked about his own research into boundaries specifically the effect of fences on public space. Sam Johnston from Gustafson Porter talked about landscape from a broad sense right down to how we experience what Landscape is emotionally, which was quite captivating. Even from his own thoughts, Landscape can still only be described and understood in loose terms as it is such a broad field, as Neil Porter said in early 2011 “It’s everything under the sun”.

Will Sandy from Three Green Dots talked about his experimental and witty projects that aim to provoke a reaction and cause people to perceive their surroundings from a new perspective.

My Personal Response - I came away from this series of lectures with new insight and ideas, not specifically about ‘what landscape is’ but more about what ‘Landscape’ can be. When looked at from a fresh, creative approach, work within the field of landscape architecture can cause numerous changes within society, ecologies, community relationships and so on, ultimately heightening our sense of the environments within which we live, connecting us to our primary sources and simultaneously excelling our daily functions to enable more efficient daily performance.

Plaza de Espana, Tenerife

 

Plaza de Espana was designed by Herzog & de Meuron Architects and was completed in 2008. The primary design element for the Plaza is a single circular water basin, a huge wading pool for young and old, with a geyser like fountain in the middle. The basin has been built over the remains of a former Castle, of which the graphic marking reveals the castles foundations.

The surrounding mountainous landscape is exemplified through the simple use of water, reflecting and framing the views. The gentle sloping basin and delicate edging of the water welcomes people into the space, forming in effect a sort of amphitheatre-like public space.

The plaza is well lit at night encouraging the public to feel comfortable and use the space throughout the day and into the evening when the plaza creates a more relaxed, romantic atmosphere.

Four pavilions surround the space, which contain tourist information, retail spaces, a café and access to below ground parking. Each pavilion is different in form however they all resemble natural forms, with green walls and individual plants growing up the sides. The incorporation of vegetation in this form helps absorb sound pollution from the surrounding road traffic, and also encourages a cleaner, fresher atmosphere within the space as the plants help clean the air. Throughout this post i sourced information and photos from the web page http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2009/07/plaza-espana/

Delta Modelling by Little River

 

 

A portable/moveable thermoplastic base together with a recirculated water current enables Emriver Em2 to realistically simulate river processes.  Little River Research and Design are based in Illinois and have created this modelling setup as a tool for River Scientists, Research groups and also for education. The model is able demonstrate the basic principles of a river's behaviour, studies the channel morphology and also explore's how sediment transport takes place. A model with such a capability provides an insight into how water flows across the land, the model expresses how a river might react from human intervention and the changes this forms further along the river. A fascinating hands on way of learning about the processes of a river and how and why it changes its course. Information for this post was gathered from the website 'http://www.emriver.com/index.html' where also the video was sourced from

Bunker 599

Bunker 599 is a project recently completed by Dutch firms Atelier de Lyon and Rietveld Landscape. The project aims to rediscover the military line of defense in use from 1815 – 1940 to protect the cities Muiden, Utrecht, Vreeswijk and Gorinchem from intentional flooding in the Netherlands. The project has sliced open one of 700 remaining bunkers, opening up the insides to public view. A long wooden boardwalk cuts through the halved bunker, leading the visitors down to a flooded area. The bunker is visible form a nearby main road and is seen by many passers by each day. This small project is part of a larger strategy plan by the designers to make this part of the unique Dutch history more accessible to visitors. I find this project fascinating in what it has achieved, exhibiting the inside spaces of a ‘secretive’ bunker and revealing the heavy construction. However I feel such monuments hold a special character due to being left as they are, the design is incredibly intrusive of the structure. With this being 1 of another 699 I don’t specifically feel this is a major issue. Images and information used within the text sourced from 'http://www.rietveldlandscape.com/en/projects/7'

Water Tower, Rio Olympics 2016

In 2016 Rio de Janeiro are hosting the Summer Olympics. Zurique Architects have proposed a vertical structure that acts as an observation tower and also as a substantial landmark/ welcome sign for the visitors flying in. The structure is proposed to be situated on Copacabana Island, just off the mainland and in full view the Copacabana beach. The design stores solar energy throughout the day to pump sea water up to the top which then falls as a large wall of water. The force of this falling water is also utilized within the design to turn turbines and produce power to allow the system to function at night. The structure has been called Solo City Tower and includes a Café, ampitheatre, auditorium, shops etc. Bungee jumping is also proposed from a special platform from the top. The idea of a falling wall of constant water is a powerful image, and designed to this height it would be seen from miles around. However i don’t feel the specific design of its form is sensitive at all to the Natural island its proposed on. The modern style and finish seems to hold no character suggestive of its native location, this design could be placed within many modern cities and hold no real relevance to its environment, which I find disappointing for such a major landmark to a great city. At the very least this proposal should be saying something about Rio's culture and approach to life, not wholly conforming to a seemingly global modern and sleek design style. It should be saying 'Welcome to Rio, Brazil'  not just simply 'welcome to a destination'. Images and text sourced from 'http://inhabitat.com/solar-city-tower-for-rio-olympics-giant-energy-generating-waterfall/'

John Stezaker, Collages

John Stezaker takes imagery from film stills, publicity photographs, studio portraits and postcards etc and uses them to create images that form new identities and portray a new awareness of fantasy within the media.

He uses images of landscape scenes and positions them very purposely over portraits to suggest psychological and emotional states.

This image is named ‘Mask XXXV’ and shows the opening of a cave looking out on a blue sky placed over the centre of a lady’s face, the purpose of this seemingly strange combination links the materiality of the landscape with the physicality and possible feelings of the woman.  

Stezaker’s unique approach aims to highlight to the viewer their own method of receiving the imagery and plays with our own capacities to form the meaning within the creative image.

John Stezaker has just opened a new exhibition of his work at the Whitechapel Gallery in London, open until the 18^th march. For more info on this exhibition visit this link - http://www.timeout.com/london/art/event/210231/john-stezakerhttp://www.timeout.com/london/art/event/210231/john-stezaker.

I will be making a visit soon and am looking forward to seeing a wider range of his distinct montages. Images sourced from http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/01/collages-by-john-stezaker/, also information has been gathered from the same web page and also from the 'timeout' link above.

A Landfill Landscape, Barcelona

A landscape restoration of a rubbish dump in Barcelona, Spain. ‘La Vall d’en Joan’ project was designed by Spanish architects Battle and Roig and has transformed a landfill site of 150 hectares into a terraced, agricultural landscape.

The architects said the idea behind the scheme was ‘’was to create a system of hills and banks in a way that would avoid erosion from water and to give the rubbish dump back to nature with a natural design."

Underneath the pleasing aesthetics of the design the intervention drains the site and filters out contaminated fluids, this recycled water is then used to irrigate the park. The gas released by the biodegrading of the rubbish is also emitted to produce electricity.

The large steel cages at the entrance to the site contain compressed rubbish, constantly reminding of the site’s previous use.

To take such a landscape used for dumping rubbish and transform it into a park where nature can begin to take hold acts as an efficient model for the future of landfill sites. The natural location of this manufactured site draws people to begin to use the park as a public space away from the city. Information within the text and images have been sourced from 'http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/01/landscape-restoration-of-landfill-in-vall-den-joan-by-batlle-i-roig/'.